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APA referencing

This guide introduces the APA referencing style and includes examples of citations. Mae'r canllaw hon hefyd ar gael yn Gymreag.

Notes on how to reference the Internet

  • Reference specific webpages with the information you are citing rather than a whole website.  

  • If you do need to reference a whole website, mention the website followed by its URL in round brackets in the text of your work. You do not need to include it in your reference list, eg, the British Psychological Society website (https://bps.org.uk). 

  • If an individual webpage does not have an author, use the author of the website. Authors can be named persons or organisations.  

  • When an organisation is also known by an abbreviated name, the first time you use it write it out in full, with the abbreviation following in brackets. For example, National Health Service (NHS). Then use the abbreviated form subsequently. Write the name out in full in your reference list. 

  • For the date of a webpage use the published or last updated date.  

  • If the webpage has no date use the copyright or last updated date of the website. Use the most specific date available in the format year, month day. If no day or month is given use the year only.  

  • If it is impossible to determine the date you can use the abbreviation n.d. for no date but consider the reliability of undated information.

Webpage

Reference order

  1. Author’s surname/family name, Initials. or name of organisation in full. 
  2. Date (Year, Month Day in round brackets). 
  3. Title of webpage (in italics). 
  4. Website name. (Do not include if the site name is the same as the author). 
  5. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL  http://

In-text example

Signs of autism in adults include … (NHS, 2022). 
OR 
The National Health Service (NHS) identifies the following signs of autism in adults … (2022). 

Reference list

National Health Service. (2022, November 11). Signs of autism in adults. Retrieved July 19, 2023, from http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/autism/signs/adults/ 
 

Please note, that the software used for this guide does not enable reference list examples to be shown with a 0.5 inch indent, which is how APA references should appear in a reference list.

Online report

Reference order

  1. Author(s) or organisation responsible for the publication. 
  2. Year of publication (in round brackets). 
  3. Title of publication (in italics).  
  4. DOI if available https://doi.org/ or Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL https://

In-text example

The digital experience of international students is discussed (Newman & Gulliver, 2023). 
OR 
Newman and Gulliver examine the digital experience of international students (2023). 

Reference list

Newman, T., & Gulliver, M. (2023).  International Students’ Digital Experience: Phase one: A review of policy, academic literature and views from UK Higher Education. Retrieved July 19, 2023 from https://beta.jisc.ac.uk/reports/ international-students-digital-experience-a-review-of-policy-academic-literature-and-views-from-uk-he 

Please note, that the software used for this guide does not enable reference list examples to be shown with a 0.5 inch indent, which is how APA references should appear in a reference list.

Blog post

Reference order

  1. Author(s) surname/family name, 
  2. Initials.
  3. Date (Year, Month Day in round brackets). 
  4. Title. (not italicised) 
  5. Title of blog (in italics). 
  6. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL https:// 

In-text example

Using chatbots in mental health settings is discussed (Branley-Bell, 2023). 
OR 
Branley-Bell discusses using chatbots in mental health settings (2023).

Reference list

Branley-Bell, D. (2023, January 31). The value of mental health chatbots. British Psychological Society Blogs. Retrieved July 19, 2023, from https://www.bps.org.uk/blogs

Please note, that the software used for this guide does not enable reference list examples to be shown with a 0.5 inch indent, which is how APA references should appear in a reference list.

Wikis

Use the title of the wiki entry as the author.

Reference order

  1. Title of wiki entry.
  2. Date (Year, Month Day in round brackets).
  3. In
  4. Title of wiki site. (the title of the wiki site in italics).
  5. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL https://

In-text example

Simple steps to improve your study skills (“How to improve your study skills”, 2022).
OR
“How to improve your study skills” identifies some simple steps to improve your study skills (2022).

Reference list

How to improve your study skills. (2022, September 9). In WikiHow. Retrieved July 19, 2023, from https://www.wikihow.com/Improve-YourStudy-Skill

Please note, that the software used for this guide does not enable reference list examples to be shown with a 0.5 inch indent, which is how APA references should appear in a reference list.