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Harvard referencing

This guide introduces the Harvard referencing style and includes examples of citations.
Mae'r canllaw hon hefyd ar gael yn Gymraeg

How to reference webpages

 

Reference order:

  1. Author (surname or family name before initials)
  2. Year that the site was published/last updated (in round brackets)
  3. Title of Internet site (in italics)
  4. Available at: URL
  5. Accessed: date (in round brackets)

In-text example:
Semiotics involves studying representations and the processes involved
in representational practices (Chandler, 2001).

Reference example:
Chandler, D. (2001) Semiotics for beginners. Available at: http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/S4B/sem02.html
(Accessed: 26 July 2010).

 

Reference order:

  1. Organisation as author
  2. Year that the site was published/last updated (in round brackets)
  3. Title of Internet site (in italics)
  4. Available at: URL
  5. Accessed: date (in round brackets)

In-text example:
Fair pay in the NHS is firmly on the agenda for trade unions, such as Unison (2014).

Reference example:
Unison (2014) NHS workers deserve fair pay. Available at:
http://www.unison.org.uk/at-work/health-care/keyissues/nhs-pay/home/
(Accessed: 17 December 2014).

 

Reference order:

  1. Title of Internet site (in italics)
  2. Year that the site was published/last updated (in round brackets)
  3. Available at: URL
  4. Accessed: date (in round brackets)

In-text example: Use title of the site.
The story of the Aberbeeg ghost and the death of P.C. Pope is an intriguing one
(Online Abertillery, 2010).

Reference example:
Online Abertillery (2010) Available at: http://www.abertillery.net/tales_ghost.html (Accessed: 19 July 2010).

Note: The quality of a web page with no author needs to be questioned,
i.e., is it suitable for your academic work?

 

Reference order:

  1. Author
  2. Title of Internet site (in italics)
  3. Available at: URL
  4. Accessed: date (in round brackets)

In-text example:
In order to respond to emergent oppositions in the future, researchers can
access neutron scattering competences (Neutron Sciences, no date).

Reference example:
Neutron Sciences (no date) Proton power upgrade project.
Available at: https://neutrons.ornl.gov/ppu (Accessed: 19 June 2019).

Note: The quality of a web page with no date needs to be questioned,
i.e., is it suitable for your academic work?

How to reference blogs, social media & wikis

Reference order:

  1. Author of message (surname or family name before initials)
  2. Year that the site was published/last updated (in round brackets)
  3. Title of message (in single quotation marks)
  4. Title of internet site (in italics)
  5. Day/month of posted message
  6. Available at: URL
  7. Accessed: date (in round brackets)

In-text example:
Vikas Shah (2011) explored the concept of justice and the implications for society.

Reference example:
Shah, V. (2011) ‘Thought economics’, Thought Economics,6 July. Available at: http://thoughteconomics.blogspot.com/ (Accessed: 13 July 2011).

 

Reference order:

  1. Author (surname or family name before initials)
  2. Year that the site was published/last updated (in round brackets)
  3. Title of page (in single quotation marks)
  4. Title of internet site (in italics and square brackets)
  5. Day/month of posted message
  6. Available at: URL
  7. Accessed: date (in round brackets)

In-text example:
One organisation (Fair Trade Wales, 2011) regularly uses their Facebook
site to provide information about their most current marketing activities.

Reference example:
Fair Trade Wales (2011) ‘Fair Trade Wales – Cymru Masnach Deg’,
[Facebook], 13 July. Available at: http://www.facebook.com/fairtradewales#!/groups/fairtradewales
(Accessed: 13 July 2011).

 

Reference order:

  1. Title of article (in single quotation marks)
  2. Year that the site was published/last updated (in round brackets)
  3. Title of internet site [in italics and square brackets]
  4. Available at: URL
  5. Accessed: date (in round brackets)

In-text example:
A community of fans provide support for fellow owners of the
T-Mobile Sidekick phone (‘T-Mobile Sidekick Wiki | Info, Tips, Support’, 2010).

Reference example:
‘T-Mobile Sidekick Wiki | Info, Tips, Support’ (2010) [Sidekick Wiki].
Available at: http://wiki.sidekick.com/ (Accessed: 13 July 2011).