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APA referencing

This guide introduces the APA referencing style and includes examples of citations. Mae'r canllaw hon hefyd ar gael yn Gymreag.

Notes on how to reference books

  • Books are referenced in the same way, whether they are print books or eBooks. You do not need to include information about the platform where you used the eBook or a URL in the reference. 

  • If the ebook you are using doesn’t have page numbers use the chapter, section and paragraph number (count the paragraphs if these are not numbered) to cite a quotation or specific section of a book within your text. For example, (Reber, 2019, Chapter 5, Section 3, paragraph 5). Do not use location numbers such as Kindle location numbers.

  • All book references, whether a print book or an eBook, should include a DOI if one is available for the book.  

  • With book titles only the initial word, proper nouns and first word AFTER a colon would be written with a capital letter. 

  • Where there are more than three authors or editors, name the first author and then use et al. in the text of your document.  

  • For books with more than 20 authors/editors, list the first 19 author’s/editor’s names in full in your reference list then insert an ellipsis … (but no ampersand) and then add the final author’s/editor’s name. 

How to reference books

Reference order

  1. Author(s) surname/family name,
  2. Initial(s).
  3. Year of publication (in round brackets).
  4. Title (in italics)
  5. Edition if not the first edition (ed. in round brackets).
  6. Publisher.
  7. DOI if available https://doi.org/

In-text example

Hickling (2021, p.11) states “the history of madness has never been told for us Black people”. 
OR 
“The history of madness has never been told for us Black people” (Hickling, 2021, p. 11). 

Reference list

Hickling, F. W. (2021). Decolonization of psychiatry in Jamaica. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48489-7

Please note, that the software used for this guide does not enable reference list examples to be shown with a 0.5 inch indent, which is how APA references should appear in a reference list.

Reference order

  1.  Author(s) surname/family name,
  2. Initial(s).
  3.  Year of publication (in round brackets).
  4. Title (in italics).
  5. Edition if not the first edition (ed. in round brackets).
  6. Publisher.
  7. DOI if available https://doi.org/ 

In-text example

Taylor and Workman state that attention is vital in how we view the world (2021, p.82). 
OR 
Attention is vital in how we view the world (Taylor & Workman, 2021, p.82). 

Reference list

Taylor, S. & Workman, L. (2021). Cognitive psychology: The basics. Routledge. 

Please note, that the software used for this guide does not enable reference list examples to be shown with a 0.5 inch indent, which is how APA references should appear in a reference list.

Reference order

  1.  Author(s) surname/family name,
  2. Initial(s).
  3.  Year of publication (in round brackets).
  4. Title (in italics).
  5. Edition if not the first edition (ed. in round brackets).
  6. Publisher.
  7. DOI if available https://doi.org/

In-text example

Gilovich et al. (2018) explore how social media shapes ideas of self.
OR
The work explores how social media shapes ideas of self (Gilovich et al., 2018). 

Reference list

Gilovich, T., Keltner, D., Chen, S., & Nisbett, R.E. (2018) Social psychology. (5th ed.). WW Norton & Co.
 

Please note, that the software used for this guide does not enable reference list examples to be shown with a 0.5 inch indent, which is how APA references should appear in a reference list.

Reference order

  1. Editor(s) surname/family name,
  2. Initials.
  3. Ed(s). (in round brackets).
  4. Year of publication (in round brackets).
  5. Title (in italics)
  6. Edition if not first edition (ed. in round brackets). 
  7. Publisher
  8. DOI if available https://doi.org 

In-text example

Randall (2019) emphasises that during these unsettling times, generating a feeling of community is important.
OR 
Generating a feeling of community in these unsettling times is important. (Randall, 2019).


Reference list

Randall, J. (2019). (Ed.). Surviving clinical psychology: Navigating personal, professional and political selves on the journey to qualification. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429428968

Please note, that the software used for this guide does not enable reference list examples to be shown with a 0.5 inch indent, which is how APA references should appear in a reference list.

Reference order

  1. Chapter or section author(s) surname/family name,
  2. Initial(s).
  3. Year of publication (in round brackets).
  4. Title of chapter or section (not in italics). 
  5. In
  6. Initial(s) of editor(s) of main work.
  7. Editor(s) surname/family name
  8. Ed(s.), (in round brackets).
  9. Year of publication if different (in round brackets). 
  10. Title of main work (in italics).
  11. Edition if not the first edition (ed. in round brackets).
  12. Start page and end page of chapter (pp. in round brackets). If the book is a numbered edition, place this information in the same set of round brackets as the edition information, using a full stop and comma to separate them, ie. (2nd ed., pp. 561-571). 
  13. Publisher.
  14. DOI if available https://doi.org 

In-text example

The specific part of the book, ie. chapter number, section etc. is included in the in-text citation. 

Swartz & Rohleder (2017, Chapter 32) provide a comprehensive overview of the historical development in cultural psychology. 
OR 
The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the historical development in cultural psychology. (Swartz & Rohleder, 2017, Chapter 32). 

Reference list

Swartz, L. and Rohleder, P. (2017). Cultural psychology. In C. Willig & W. Stainton Rogers (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative research in psychology. (2nd ed., pp. 561-571). SAGE Publications. 

Please note, that the software used for this guide does not enable reference list examples to be shown with a 0.5 inch indent, which is how APA references should appear in a reference list.

Reference order

  1. Author(s) surname/family name,
  2. Initial(s).
  3. Year of publication (in round brackets).
  4. Title (in italics)
  5. Publisher.
  6. Original work published year (In round brackets). 
  7. DOI if available https://doi.org/

In-text example

Both dates should be included in-text, separated by forward slash /, with the first publication date appearing first. 

For Rogers, “a drive toward self actualisation is...in the last analysis, the tendency upon which all psychology depends.” (Rogers, 1961/2011, p.35). 

Reference list

Rogers, C. (2011). On becoming a person.  Constable. (Original work published 1961).

Please note, that the software used for this guide does not enable reference list examples to be shown with a 0.5 inch indent, which is how APA references should appear in a reference list.