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Harvard referencing

This guide introduces the Harvard referencing style and includes examples of citations.
Mae'r canllaw hon hefyd ar gael yn Gymraeg

Referencing books

Reference order:

  1. Author /editor (surname or family name before initials)
  2. Year of publication (in round brackets)
  3. Title (in italics)
  4. Edition (only include the edition number if it is not the first edition)
  5. Place of publication: Publisher
  6. Series and volume number (where relevant)

In-text example:
Thompson (2003) suggests that language helps to form identity, but can create stereotypes and prejudices.

Reference example:
Thompson, N. (2003) Communication and language: A handbook of theory and practice. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

 

Reference order:

  1.  Author(s) / editor(s) (surname or family name before initials)
  2.  Year of publication (in round brackets)
  3. Title (in italics)
  4. Edition (only include the edition number if it is not the first edition) (2nd edn.)
  5. Place of publication: Publisher
  6. Series and volume number (where relevant)

In-text example:
According to Dexter and Wash (1995, pp. 32-33) “silence may be as effective as verbal communication” if used appropriately.

 

Reference example:
Dexter, G. and Wash, M. (1995) Psychiatric nursing skills: A patient centred approach. 2nd edn. London: Chapman and Hall.

 

Reference order:

  1. Author(s) / editor(s) (surname or family name before initials)
  2. Year of publication (in round brackets)
  3. Title (in italics)
  4. Edition (only include the edition number if it is not the first edition)
  5. Place of publication: Publisher
  6. Series and volume number (where relevant)

In-text example:
This was indicated in the study by Huxley et al. (2007).

 

Reference example:
Huxley, P., Evans, S., Muroe, M. and Cestari, L. (2007) Fair access to care services in integrated mental health and social care teams. London:Department of Health.

 

Reference order:

  1. Author(s) of the chapter/section (surname or family name before initials)
  2. Year of publication (in round brackets)
  3. Title of chapter/section (in single quotation marks) 
  4. ‘in’ plus author(s)/editor(s) of book
  5. Title of book (in italics)
  6. Edition (only include the edition number if it is not the first edition)
  7. Place of publication: Publisher
  8. Page reference of chapter or section

In-text example:
Cohen (2009, p.194) describes the subculture of the delinquent gang as short-run hedonism. 

Reference example:
Cohen, A.K. (2009) ‘Delinquent boys: The culture of the gang’, in Newburn, T. (ed.) Key readings in criminology. Cullompton: Willan Publishing, pp. 194-198.

 

Reference order:

  1. Editor(s) followed by (ed.) or (eds.) (surname or family
  2. name before initials)
  3. Year of publication (in round brackets)
  4. Title (in italics)
  5. Edition (only include the edition number if it is not the first edition)
  6. Place of publication: Publisher
  7. Series and volume number (where relevant)

In-text example:
Many aspects of school management are discussed in Spencer (2007).


Reference example:
Spencer, J. (ed.) (2007) School management and finance opportunities and problems. London: Ford Publishers. Financial Education Series, 23.

 

Referencing an eBook

Reference order:

  1.  Author(s) / editor(s) (surname or family name before initials)
  2. Year of publication of book (in round brackets)
  3. Title of book (in italics)
  4. Edition (only include the edition number if it is not the first edition)
  5. Name of e-book collection (in italics)
  6. Available at: URL/or DOI*
  7. (Accessed: date)

*DOI –(Digital Object Identifier) is a numbered tag used to identify online sources including conference papers and journal articles. The DOI (written as doi in your reference list) is often used in place of the URL.

In-text example:
Increasingly complex and refined electrical systems have had a significant impact on the changing form of
telecommunications (Anttalainen, 2003).

Reference example:
Anttalainen, T. (2003) Introduction to telecommunication network engineering. NetLibrary. Available at: http://www.netlibrary.com
(Accessed: 20 June 2021).

 

Reference order:

  1. Author(s) /editor(s) (surname or family name before initials)
  2. Year of publication (in round brackets) (use the publication date of the version being used)
  3. Title of book (in italics)
  4. Edition (only include the edition number if it is not the first edition)
  5. E book format (Kindle format, ePub format, Adobe ebook format etc)
  6. [e-book reader]
  7. Available at: URL/OR doi
  8. (Accessed: date)

In-text example:
According to Forsyth (2011, Location 532 of 5144) “Our word sky comes from the Viking word for cloud, but in England there’s simply
no difference between the two concepts, and so
the word changed its meaning because of the awful weather.” 

Reference example: 

Forsyth, M. (2011)
The etymologicon: A circular stroll
through the hidden connections of the
English language. Kindle format [e-book reader]. Available at:
http://www.amazon.co.uk (Accessed: 20 January 2012).

 

Referencing an art exhibition catalogue

Reference order:

  1. Author(s) of catalogue: (surname or family name before initials)
  2. Year of publication: (in round brackets)
  3. Title of exhibition: (in italics)
  4. Location and date(s) of exhibition
  5. Format: [in square brackets - Exhibition catalogue]

In-text example:
Thompson (1995, p.8) described Wallinger as a ‘politically committed artist’.

Reference example:
Thompson, J. (1995) Mark Wallinger. Exhibition held at the Ikon Gallery, Birmingham, 25 February - 1 April 1995 and at the Serpentine Gallery, London, 10 May - 11 June 1995 [Exhibition catalogue].